Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India

Sharma, Kishan Kumar; Kalyani, Irsadullakhan Habibullakhan; Pandya, Shailee Manishbhai; Vala, Jignesh Alabhai

doi:10.2754/avb201887030247

Acta Veterinaria > Archive > 2018, Vol. 87 > Issue 3 > Diagnosis and characterization of canine…

Acta Vet. Brno 2018, 87: 247-254

https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201887030247

Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India

Kishan Kumar Sharma¹, Irsadullakhan Habibullakhan Kalyani¹, Shailee Manishbhai Pandya¹, Jignesh Alabhai Vala²

¹Navsari Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Gujarat, India
²Navsari Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex Navsari, Gujarat, India

Received January 26, 2018
Accepted August 13, 2018

The present study was carried out in the region of South Gujarat, India, to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in acute gastroenteritis of pups. Further, haemagglutination (HA) test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid immunochromatography test were compared for diagnosis and prevalent CPV-2 types were ascertained. A total of 73 diarrhoea samples were collected and out of those 32, 33 and 35 were found positive via HA, ELISA and PCR, respectively. In rapid test, 26/52 samples were found positive. Among different age-groups, 11/24 and 13/21 animals were positive in pups aged 4–8 and 8–12 weeks, respectively. All but one (34/35) positive samples were from unvaccinated animals. Labrador was found to be the most susceptible breed (n = 13) to infection. Considering PCR as the best test, 47.94% (35/73) prevalence of CPV was recorded. Among PCR positive samples, 3 and 32 belonged to type CPV-2a and CPV-2b, respectively. Type CPV-2c was not detected among the examined samples. Sequencing analysis of 9/10 CPV-2b isolates revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A-G) at position 4106 (alanine to threonine) and suggested the occurrence of mutant, new CPV-2b in this area. As other major pathogen canine coronavirus was detected in 7/38 CPV negative samples. Conclusively, CPV-2 infection was detected in 47.97% cases of AGE of pups which warrants search for other pathogens in the diagnostic procedure. This work is among the few recent reports which depict the occurrence of a novel mutant (new CPV-2b) in India.

Keywords

Canine coronavirus, new CPV-2b, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, variant.

Funding

Authors are profoundly thankful to Dr. Vipin Deshmukh for submitting the samples for the study, Dr. Amit Balyan for providing the CPV-2 live vaccine and the Dean, Veterinary College, NAU, Navsari for providing the financial support.