Acta Vet. Brno 2021, 90: 383-390

https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202190040383

Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites toltrazuril sulphoxide and toltrazuril sulphone in pregnant and non-pregnant goats

Sara T. Elazab1, Nahla S. Elshater2, Ahmed E. Elweza3

1Mansoura University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Mansoura, Egypt
2Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza-Dokki, Egypt
3University of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Theriogenology, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt

Received August 9, 2021
Accepted November 9, 2021

References

1. Al‐Qadri RF, Abu‐Basha EA, Ababneh MM, Bani Ismail Z, Idkaidek NM 2020: Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes and determination of their concentrations in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 43: 339-346 <https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12845>
2. Benoit E, Buronfosse T, Moroni P, Delatour P, Riviere JL 1993: Stereoselective S-oxygenation of an aryl-trifluoromethyl sulfoxide to the corresponding sulfone by rat liver cytochromes P450. Biochem Pharmacol 46: 2337-2341 <https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90626-8>
3. Dirikolu L, Karpiesiuk W, Lehner AF, Hughes C, Granstrom DE, Tobin T 2009: Synthesis and detection of toltrazuril sulfone and its pharmacokinetics in horses following administration in dimethylsulfoxide. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 32: 368-378 <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01053.x>
4. European Agency for the Evaluation of European Medicines Agency (EMEA). Committee for Veterinary Products/The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Toltrazuril (Extension to Pigs)—Summary Report, EMEA/MRL/620/99-FINAL, 1999. Available at https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/mrl-report/toltrazuril-extension-pigs-summary-report-2-committee-veterinary-medicinal-products_en.pdf
5. European Agency for the evaluation of European Medicines Agency (EMEA). Committee for Veterinary Products/The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Toltrazuril (Extension to Pig)—Summary Report, EMEA/MRL/907/00-FINAL, 2000
6. Harder A, Haberkorn A 1989: Possible mode of action of toltrazuril: studies on two Eimeria species and mammalian and Ascaris suum enzymes. Parasitol Res 76: 8-12 <https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00931064>
7. Hu L, Liu C, Shang C, Yang X, Yang J 2010: Pharmacokinetics and improved bioavailability of toltrazuril after oral administration to rabbits. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 33: 503-506 <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01163.x>
8. Jeffrie W S, Bochner F 1988: The effect of pregnancy on drug pharmacokinetics. Med J Aust 149: 675-677 <https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120820.x>
9. Kim MS, Lim JH, Hwang YH, Park BK, Song IB, Yun HI 2010: Plasma disposition of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, in rabbits after oral administration. Vet Parasitol 169: 51-56 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.011>
10. Kim MS, Park BK, Hwang YH, Song IB, Kim TW, Cho JH, Ham SH, Lim JH, Yun HI 2013: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of toltrazuril and its major metabolites after oral administration in broilers. The J Poult Sci 50: 257-261 <https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0120050>
11. Kul O, Yildiz K, Ocal N, Freyre A, Deniz A, Karahan S, Atmaca HT, Gokpinar S, Dincel GC, Uzunalioğlu T, Terzi OS 2013: In-vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on experimentally induced Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in lambs: a novel strategy for prevention of human exposure to meat-borne toxoplasmosis. Res Vet Sci 94: 269-276 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.08.001>
12. Lim JH, Kim MS, Hwang YH, Song IB, Park BK, Yun HI 2010: Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, after a single oral administration to pigs. J Vet Med Sci 72: 1085-1087 <https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.09-0524>
13. Loebstein, R, Lalkin A, Koren G 1997: Pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy and their clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacokinet 33: 328-343 <https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199733050-00002>
14. Mitani, GM, Steinberg I, Lien E, Harrison C, Elkayan U 1987: The pharmacokinetics of antiarrythmic agents in pregnancy and lactation. Clin Pharmacokinet 12: 253-291 <https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198712040-00002>
15. Mundt HC, Mundt-Wüstenberg S, Daugschies A, Joachim A 2007: Efficacy of various anticoccidials against experimental porcine neonatal isosporosis. Parasitol Res 100: 401-411 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0314-9>
16. Perez R, Palma C, Nunez MJ, Cox J, Arboix M 2008: Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31: 71-76 <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00926.x>
17. Qian W, Wang H, Shan D, Li B, Liu J, Liu Q 2015: Activity of several kinds of drugs against Neospora caninum. Parasitol Int 64: 597-602 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2015.08.002>
18. Riggs KW, Axelson JE, Gruber NC, McErlane BA, McMorland, GH, Rurak DW 1988: Metoclopramide pharmacokinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. J Pharmacol Sci 77: 373-379 <https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600770502>
19. Stock ML, Elazab ST, Hsu WH 2018: Review of triazine antiprotozoal drugs used in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 41: 184-194 <https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12450>
20. Tobin T, Dirikolu L, Harkins JD, Garnstrom DE, Carter W, Lehner F, Rees WA 1997: Preliminary pharmacokinetics of diclazuril and toltrazuril in the horse. Am Assoc Equine Pract 43: 15-16
21. Zhaoling J, Lifang Z, Chong Z, Xiao Z, Feiqun, X 2014: SPE–UPLC–UV method for the determination of Toltrazuril and its two metabolite residues in chicken and porcine tissues. Chromatographia 77: 1705-1712 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-014-2759-9>
front cover
  • ISSN 0001-7213 (printed)
  • ISSN 1801-7576 (electronic)

Current issue

Archive