Acta Vet. Brno 2026, 95: 237-244
https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202695030237
Evaluation of corpus luteum vascularization in pregnant mares using colour Doppler ultrasonography
References
1. WR 1970: Endocrinology of early pregnancy in the mare. Equine Vet J 2: 64-70
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1970.tb04159.x>
2. WR 2001a: Luteal deficiency and embryo mortality in the mare. Reprod Domest Anim 36: 121-131
<https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.2001.d01-43.x>
3. WR 2001b: Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy. Reproduction 121: 513-527
<https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1210513>
4. DF, Bright SM, Remick LH, Bauman BE 1982: Lymphocyte alloantigens of the horse: I. Serologic and genetic studies. Tissue Antigens 20: 172-187
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1982.tb00343.x>
5. H, Mayer R, Weber S, Stolla R 2002: Luteal blood flow during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology 57: 2043-2051
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00705-7>
6. PT, Henning H, Stout TAE, de Ruijter-Villani M 2016: Relationship between colour flow Doppler sonographic assessment of corpus luteum activity and progesterone concentrations in mares after embryo transfer. Anim Reprod Sci 166: 22-27
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.12.010>
7. J, Sun X, Dey SK 2012: Mechanisms of implantation: strategies for successful pregnancy. Nat Med 18: 1754-1767
<https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3012>
8. SM, Frates MC 1999: Sonographic spectrum of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy: gray-scale, color, and pulsed Doppler appearance. J Clin Ultrasound 27: 55-59
<https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199902)27:2<55::AID-JCU1>3.0.CO;2-T>
9. EAL, Nevala WK, Creedon DJ, Svetomir NM, Shernan GH 2015: Fetal sex-based differences in maternal hormones, angiogenic factors, and immune mediators during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am J Reprod Immunol 73: 251-262
<https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12303>
10. OJ, Utt MD 2004: Doppler ultrasound in equine reproduction: principles, techniques, and potential. J Equine Vet Sci 24: 516-526
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2004.11.005>
11. OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Utt MD, Beg MA 2006: Luteal blood flow and progesterone production in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 96: 213-224
12. S, Ajossa S, Lai MP, Risalvato A, Paoletti AM, Melis GB 1999: Clinical applications of colour Doppler energy imaging in the female reproductive tract and pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 5: 515-529
<https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/5.5.515>
13. DR, Potter G, Kreider JL 1984: Body condition during pregnancy and lactation and reproductive efficiency of mares. Theriogenology 21: 897-909
<https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(84)90383-2>
14. K, Voss C, Kastelic JP, Beindorff N, Paul V, Niemann H, Bollwein H 2011: Luteal blood flow increases during the first three weeks of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 75: 549-554
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.09.024>
15. K, Matsuyama S, Nakamura S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Miyamoto A, Shirasuna K 2019: Age-related changes in the bovine corpus luteum function and progesterone secretion. Reprod Domest Anim 54: 23-30
<https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13303>
16. JE, Squires EL, Shideler RK, Tarr SF, Nett TM 1993: Relationship of progesterone to early pregnancy loss in mares. J Equine Vet Sci 13: 528-533
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(07)80271-1>
17. İ, Günay Uçmak Z 2023: Comparative evaluation of luteal vascularity in mares in diestrus with color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasonography: methodological study. Turkiye Klin J Vet Sci 14: 54-63
<https://doi.org/10.5336/vetsci.2023-98881>
18. J, Miller J, Antczak DF, Allen WR 1982: Maternal anti-fetal cytotoxic antibody responses of equids during pregnancy. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 32: 361-369
19. S 2002: Reproductive considerations: mare and stallion. Vet Clin Equine Pract 18: 591-619
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(02)00030-5>
20. T, Tanaka M, Miyakoshi K, Minegishi K, Kasai K, Yoshimura Y 1998: Power and colour Doppler ultrasonography for the evaluation of the vasculature of the human corpus luteum. Hum Reprod 13: 2836-2841
<https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/13.10.2836>
21. Filho RRD, França DS, Alonso MA, Riccio AV, Affonso FJ, Brito MM, Francischini MCP, Nichi M, Boakari Y, Fernandes CB 2025: Does age and parity affect the oxidative profile of pregnant and postpartum mares? J Equine Vet Sci 150: 105597
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105597>
22. FABM, Azevedo MV, Souza NM, Ferreira Silva JC, Silva Chaves M, Junior VR, Rocha JM, dos Santos Filho JP, de Figueiredo Freitas VJ, Oliveira MAL 2021: Correlations of corpus luteum blood flow with fertility and progesterone in embryo recipient mares. Trop Anim Health Prod 53: 280
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02583-9>
23. A, Zalud I, Farmakides G, Schulman H, Kurjak A, Latin V 1994: Corpus luteum blood flow in normal and abnormal early pregnancy: evaluation with transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound Med 13: 971-975
<https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.1994.13.12.971>
24. EL, Stevens WB, Pickett BW, Nett TM 1979: Role of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin in luteal function of pregnant mares. Am J Vet Res 40: 889-891
<https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1979.40.06.889>
25. Şenünver A, Gültiken N 2015: Gebelik ve fizyolojisi (in Turkish, Pregnancy and its physiology). In: Kaymaz M, Fındık M, Rişvanlı A, Köker A (Eds): Kısraklarda Doğum ve Jinekoloji (Parturition and Gynaecology in Mares). Medipres, Malatya, pp 97-113
26. ZG, Kurban İ, Uçmak M 2020a: The vascularity of preovulatory follicle: the colour–Doppler assessment and its predictive value in the early pregnancy outcome in Arabian mares. Vet Hekim Der Derg 91: 104-109
<https://doi.org/10.33188/vetheder.672255>
27. ZG, Kurban İ, Uçmak M 2020b: Evaluation of vascularization in the walls of preovulatory follicles in mares with endometritis. Theriogenology 157: 79-84
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.024>

